Plugin Services

A service is a plugin component loaded on demand when your plugin calls the getService() method of ServiceManager.

The IntelliJ Platform ensures that only one instance of a service is loaded even though it is called several times.

A service must have an implementation class that is used for service instantiation. A service may also have an interface class used to obtain the service instance and provide the service's API.

A service needing a shutdown hook/cleanup routine can implement Disposable and perform necessary work in dispose() (see Automatically Disposed Objects).

Types

The IntelliJ Platform offers three types of services: application level services (global singleton), project level services, and module level services. For the latter two, a separate instance of the service is created for each instance of its corresponding scope, see Project Model Introduction.

Constructor

Project/Module level service constructors can have a Project/ Module argument. To improve startup performance, avoid any heavy initializations in the constructor.

Light Services

A service not going to be overridden does not need to be registered in plugin.xml (see Declaring a Service). Instead, annotate service class with @Service. The service instance will be created in scope according to the caller (see Retrieving a Service).

Restrictions:

Service class must be final.
Constructor injection is not supported (since it is deprecated).
If service is a PersistentStateComponent, roaming must be disabled (roamingType = RoamingType.DISABLED ).

See Project Level Service below for a sample.

Declaring a Service

To register a non-Light Service, distinct extension points are provided for each type:

com.intellij.applicationService- application level service
com.intellij.projectService- project level service
com.intellij.moduleService- module level service (not recommended, see Note above)

To expose service API, create separate class for serviceInterface and extend it in corresponding class registered in serviceImplementation. If serviceInterface isn't specified, it's supposed to have the same value as serviceImplementation.

To provide custom implementation for test/headless environment, specify testServiceImplementation/ headlessImplementation additionally.

plugin.xml

<extensions defaultExtensionNs="com.intellij">
  <!-- Declare the application level service -->
  <applicationService serviceInterface="mypackage.MyApplicationService"
                      serviceImplementation="mypackage.MyApplicationServiceImpl" />

  <!-- Declare the project level service -->
  <projectService serviceInterface="mypackage.MyProjectService"
                  serviceImplementation="mypackage.MyProjectServiceImpl" />
</extensions>

Retrieving a Service

Getting service doesn't need a read action and can be performed from any thread. If service is requested from several threads, it will be initialized in the first thread, and other threads will be blocked until service is fully initialized.

To retrieve a service in Java code:

MyApplicationService applicationService = ServiceManager.getService(MyApplicationService.class);

MyProjectService projectService = project.getService(MyProjectService.class)

In Kotlin code, use convenience methods:

val applicationService = service<MyApplicationService>()

val projectService = project.service<MyProjectService>()

Project Service Sample

This minimal sample shows Light Service ProjectService interacting with another project level service AnotherService (not shown here).

ProjectService.java

  @Service
  public final class ProjectService {

     private final Project myProject;

     public ProjectService(Project project) {
       myProject = project;
     }

     public void someServiceMethod(String parameter) {
       AnotherService anotherService = myProject.getService(AnotherService.class);
       String result = anotherService.anotherServiceMethod(parameter, false);
       // do some more stuff
     }
  }

Sample Plugin

This sample plugin illustrates how to create and use a plugin service. This plugin has an application service counting the number of currently opened projects in the IDE. If this number exceeds the maximum number of simultaneously opened projects allowed by the plugin, it displays a warning message.

To install and run the sample plugin

Download the included sample plugin project located here.
Start IntelliJ IDEA, on the starting page, click Open Project, and then use the Open Project dialog box to open the project.
On the main menu, choose Run | Run or press Shift + F10.
If necessary, change the Run/Debug Configurations.

Last modified: 14 January 2021